Why Is Beowulf Considered A Hero - 983 Words

Ja’Quan Harris Mrs. Joyner English IV 08 ,May 2016 Why is Beowulf considered a hero? Beowulf, an epic hero of his time, has some people that don’t think he should be considered a hero, but I think otherwise. He killed many monsters, and creatures from various places, saving the people who live(d) there, and this is the definition of a hero, â€Å"a person, typically a man, who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding achievements, or noble qualities.† That definition really describes Beowulf because of the outstanding things he had done. He has killed several monsters, from the air to the sea, and won many battles.Many epics have been wrote about and talk about. But, the epic of Beowulf has always stayed as one of the main topics of a heroic epic. This always brings an unavoidable question to mind. Why is Beowulf considered a hero? There are 4 noble heroic qualities every hero has which Beowulf possesses and they are; courage, selflessness, patience, and care. The first, of course, is courage, and there was not a single part in the epic story where Beowulf did not show anything but courage until the end, but still died showing it. He was a fearless man who killed several monsters and creatures with nothing but his courage and brute strength. In his final battle, Beowulf stated, â€Å"I’ve never known fear, as a youth I fought in endless battles, I am old, now, but I will fight again,...† (Prentice Hall, 52). In that quote from the story, Beowulf tellsShow MoreRelatedBeowulf, The Epic Hero1373 Words   |  6 Pages 2015 Beowulf, The Epic Hero In Anglo Saxon times, Beowulf is considered a well known epic hero. â€Å"Epic heroes are literary characters from ancient mythology and other stories, which were written down in the form of long, narrative epic poems. The hero is the main character, or protagonist of the poem†(Epic Hero: Definition, Characteristics Examples.). The epic hero usually battles for accomplishments to a set of tasks to complete important goals. Beowulf is described as an epic hero becauseRead MoreEssay on Made to Order Hero1594 Words   |  7 Pages Made to Order Hero nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many times in life we encounter an individual that touches us in some profound way. The relation of this individual to the person they are influencing is as diverse as the personal experiences that causes this admiration. This individual, or hero, can impact and totally change the direction of someones life. A hero can be anyone, from a professional athlete, to a public service figure, to a relative or parent. Each hero is defined by an individualsRead MoreModern Hero vs. Anglo Saxon Hero Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesTodays modern day hero has similarities and differences than the Anglo-Saxon hero. The two heroes each have different values they believe in. Also, they are motivated to fight for different reasons. An Anglo-Saxon hero also fights differently than a modern day hero. An example of this comparison is Bono from the band U2 and Beowulf. Both modern day heroes, like Bono and Anglo-Saxon heroes, like Beowulf, try to improve their societies, but do i t in different ways and for different reasons. Anglo-SaxonRead MoreWhat Makes a Hero Essay example583 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Makes a Hero After spending over a week reading the story Beowulf, we can all come to the conclusion that he is a hero. Sure, he saves countries from monsters, has incredible strength and wisdom, and is fearless- the typical fictional hero. However, when I hear the word hero, I think in terms of an everyday hero. In my mind, a hero is someone who performs courageous acts even if the consequences can be fatal. A hero doesnt have to be some big muscled guy who beats up bad guys. MyRead More Heroism in Beowulf Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesare heroes! They possess the two traits that are needed in western civilization to be considered a hero: wisdom and fortitude. These modern heroes have wisdom and fortitude. Did Beowulf possess these traits? Beowulf shows he is a hero through both his wisdom and fortitude throughout his adventures. Beowulf is a great hero because he possesses both wisdom and fortitude. Wisdom is one of the traits of hero, but what is wisdom. Wisdom is the ability to make the right judgment, the right decisionRead MoreDefinition Of A Modern Hero In Beowulf744 Words   |  3 Pagestheir definition of a hero the same as our own? A good example of an Anglo-Saxon hero is Beowulf, he travelled to Denmark with a group of warriors to fight a monster named Grendel that was terrorizing a city, he also killed Grendel’s mother and a dragon to save the people in the city. He may seem like a modern hero, he’s saving the people in danger, he shows leadership, and has the bravery to do so, but there are distinct differences between the Anglo-Saxon hero and a modern hero and those differencesRead MoreEssay on Monsters and Men in Macbeth, Beowulf, Frankstien1179 Words   |  5 Pageshave to be heroic to be considered as men. In the literature pieces of Macbeth, Beowulf and Frankenstein; there are countless instances where one might be able to distinguish between Mo nsters and Men. But they all fall in different genres. Macbeth is a story about a tragic hero; the fallen one or the man who brought misery upon himself. The monster can be identified as guilt. This guilt built stronger and stronger and led him to be his worst enemy. Beowulf is an epic about a hero (men) who takes on greatRead More Epic of Beowulf Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pages The epic poem, Beowulf, is one of the oldest European epics in existence. When Beowulf was written, the writer incorporated many of the ideals of the Anglo-Saxons. Some of these ideals included loyalty, bravery, selflessness, and justice and were demonstrated in the hero. Both the characters Beowulf and Grendel represent aspects of both good and evil, Christianity and Paganism, and what occurs when they collide with one another. A characteristic of an epic poem is the concern over struggles thatRead MoreTheme Of Heroism In Beowulf1139 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Beowulf† is the oldest surviving poem in Old English Literature. It is an epic poem, which is a narrative poem typically revolving around heroism. The poem emphasizes repetitively on how Beowulf is a hero. He saves countless people from countless monsters, three of which are the main antagonists in the poem – a demon, the demon’s mother, and a dragon. But is saving innocent lives the only factor to justify and determine a person’s heroism? Throughout the story of Beowulf, the author makes appealsRead MoreThe Epic Of Beowulf As An Epic Hero1519 Words   |  7 Pagesjourney as all other heroes, an epic hero. There are specific qualities one must have to be considered an epic hero. Each epic hero possesses superhuman strength, displays a strong sense of leadership, and reflects their culture in a positive, admirable manner. Beowulf has been one of the most notable epic heros since his story was first written down around 700 AD. Throughout the epic, Beowulf’s superhuman strength is accentuated in various ways. Beowulf shows his supernatural powers during the

Asha Accredited Social Health Activist Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

On June 26, 1965, a twelvemonth before the Cultural Revolution ( 1966-76 ) in China, Mao Zedong in a address condemned the urban focal point of health care and urged physicians to better medical conditions for the rural batch. These physicians were subsequently dubbed as â€Å" The barefoot physicians, † as these physicians were husbandmans who worked in the Paddy Fieldss, barefoot. With a medicine kit on one shoulder and a profligate on another, the small ruddy book of Mao citations in one manus and a Mao badge pinned on their shirts – this iconic image of Chinese barefoot physicians changed the urban prejudice of the medical system of the clip. We will write a custom essay sample on Asha Accredited Social Health Activist Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The shoeless physicians plan was integrated with China ‘s National policy after the Cultural Revolution, blossoming an epoch of concerted community engagement in health care, perchance for the first clip at such a monolithic graduated table. Looking into the Indian context, both contemporary and in retrospection, one can happen about the same issues that prompted Mao to denote such a strategic and out of the box wellness plan. Give the astronomical, yet skewed, proportions of donees that healthcare systems in both India and china demand to aim, Mao ‘s solution was valid in the Indian context excessively. However, since the types of authoritiess and therefore the manners of administration in Indian and China are poles apart, concept such as primary and societal health care, though dating back to the Bhore Committee Recommendations in 1946, started taking concrete form into the National policy merely through the last two decennaries. The contours of Healthcare in National Policy The first 5 twelvemonth program ( 1951-55 ) witnessed a Community Development Programme ( CDP ) , launched as a cover, multipurpose plan designed to make conditions of economic and societal advancement for the whole community. The CDP spanned across multiple sectors such as agribusiness, conveyance, societal public assistance and Industries. It provisioned for the creative activity of a Primary Health Centre per Community Development Block ( CDB ) which comprised of about 100 small towns. Apprised of the hapless incursion of Health attention Centres and of a low Healthcare bringing centres to aim population ratio, the Government of India set up the Mudailar Committee in the 2nd program, which recommended restricting the population served by such Centres to 40,000 from 1 hundred thousand. The Rural Health Scheme was launched following the suggestions of The Shrivastav Committee in 1977, whereby a Para-professional and Semi professional wellness worker pool from within the community wa s created for deeper incursion of the hitherto neglected subdivisions of the population. The Community Health Volunteer-Village Health Guide ( VHG ) was later launched wherein Short term preparations were imparted to community womenfolk apart from a little inducement to work. India as a signer to the Alma Ata Declaration 1978, witnessed an of import survey group on â€Å" Health -An alternate Strategy † commissioned by ICSSR and ICMR ( 1980 ) . While the decisions of the survey group outlined a overplus of spreads that existed in the manner health care was delivered in India, it besides argued that most of these wellness jobs were conformable to be solved at the primary health care degree through community engagement and ownership. It was in this study that the preparation of a comprehensive national wellness policy following an inter-sectoral attack was recommended. A figure of such survey groups were set up in the late seventies, all of which concluded that bing wellness se rvices and manpower had to be ramped up well. Aligned to the Alma Ata Declarations sketching the duty of a province to supply primary health care to its people the 1st National Health Policy ( NHP ) was formed in 1983, which among other policy enterprises, emphasized the function of private and voluntary establishments to back up the authorities in integrating of wellness services in the state, particularly in the rural and backward countries. In the bend of the millenary, despite additions in results and betterments in wellness substructure, India had yet to accomplish the ends enlisted in the first National Health Policy. Almost two decennaries subsequently, The 2nd National Health Policy was formed in 2002, stressing on increasing entree to decentralized public wellness system and puting an increased sectoral portion of allotment out of the entire wellness disbursement to primary wellness attention. The most recent of all policy models sing health care in India has, nevertheless, been the National Rural Health Mission, which was launched in 2005 and which was aimed at an betterment over people ‘s entree to preventive and healing health care, peculiarly in the rural countries. It is viewed as an ‘architectural rectification ‘ of the Indian public Health system to enable it to beef up public wellness direction and service bringing in the state. It envisages appropriate wellness forces to be placed at assorted degrees get downing from the small town degree in to the full functional wellness Centres with equal linkages across degrees. The Sub-centre is the most peripheral and of import degree of contact with the community under the public wellness substructure. This caters to a population norm of 5000, but is efficaciously serves a much larger population at the Sub-centre degree, particularly in 8 Empowered Action Group ( EAG ) States. With merely about 50 % MultiPurposeWorker MPW ( M ) being available in these States, the Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife ( ANM ) was to a great extent overworked, which impacted outreach services in rural countries. The nature of occupation duties of the Anganwadi workers ( with accent on auxiliary eating and pre-school instruction ) did non let them to take up the duty of a alteration agent on wellness in a small town. Thus a new set of community based officials, named as Accredited Social Health Activist ( ASHA ) was proposed to make full this nothingness. ASHA would be the first port of call for any wellness related demands of disadvantaged subdivisions of the population, particularly adult females and kids, who find it hard to entree wellness services. In paragraphs that follow, the functions, duties, profiles for ASHA militants have been highlighted, casting visible radiation on the function of these militants in societal and community mobilisation and engagement. Accredited Social Health Activist ( ASHA ) In retrospect, ASHA is frequently called the Resurrection of the Community Health worker ( CHW ) or Village Health Guide ( VHG ) , both about 30 twelvemonth old strategies. However, ASHA is a newer and modified version of these strategies with past lessons learnt, and causes of past failures addressed. As her name suggests, an ASHA is an ‘activist ‘ and non merely another characterless worker in the wellness system. Actually, ASHA is more identifiable with the really successful and the universe celebrated impression of Chinese ‘barefoot physicians ‘ . In fact, ASHA appears to be suited mix of the CHWs and thought of barefoot physicians. ASHA is besides authoritative illustration of the principle and the importance behind the constructs of societal and community mobilisation. Past experiences of policy shapers and research workers sing the theoretical accounts of development and determination devising have made them concentrate upon the importance of societal mobilisation. Methods to better direction of centrally planned plans, enterprises to bring forth critical political will to supply appropriate way and support to development plans, and attempts to affect communities as determination shapers and implementers of their ain development have received considerable attending. Change agents and grassroots organisers have urged the authorization of those sections of society whose engagement and engagement is important in the attempt toward equity and justness. The construct of ASHA is based on the wide graduated table motion to prosecute people ‘s engagement in accomplishing a specific development end through auton omous attempts. It is a planned decentralised procedure easing alteration for development in health care bringing mechanism through a scope of participants engaged in interconnected and complementary attempts. Most significantly, it takes into history the felt demands of the people, embraces the critical rule of community engagement, and seeks to authorise persons and groups for action. The functions and duties of an ASHA are designed and spun around the larger ends of community engagement and societal mobilisation in the health care bringing system. Her activism in footings of consciousness on wellness, its societal determiners enables community mobilisation towards local wellness planning and facilitates increased use and answerability of the bing wellness services. She is a booster of good wellness patterns, supplying a minimal bundle of healing attention as appropriate and executable for a degree and doing timely referrals. What follows in the remainder of this write up is an analysis of how these wellness militants are playing an instrumental function in societal engagement and mobilisation of the community, equity in the entree to wellness attention and decrease in exposure of communities to ill wellness through community authorization by turn toing the societal determiners of wellness. How the Roles and Responsibilities of ASHA are aligned to Social mobilisation. Mobilization involves alteration, and alteration involves complex interaction among groups in different sections of society who hold divergent attitudes, values and involvements. Isolated efforts to affect assorted groups are non plenty. Keeping this in head the functions of ASHA have been carefully defined to show in alteration at the community degree. An analysis of how the some functions and duties are aligned towards societal alteration is listed below. ASHA creates consciousness and provides information to the community on determiners of wellness such as nutrition, basic sanitation A ; hygienic patterns, healthy life and on the job conditions, information on bing wellness services and the demand for timely use of wellness A ; household public assistance services. Therefore, capacitating groups and communities of hapless adult females to utilize this information as a agency and a right in their battle to critically understand their world and the causes of several evitable medical conditions, doing them objects, and at the same clip, assisting them to transform and retrace their world in conditions of liberty, doing them topics of such a transmutation. ASHA gives reding to adult females on birth readiness, importance of safe bringing, breastfeeding, immunisation, contraceptive method and bar of common infections including Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infection ( RTIs/STIs ) and counsels them on how to take attention of the immature kid. Such valuable information empowers these vulnerable subdivisions to better grok the importance of healthy patterns. ASHA aims to mobilise the community and ease them in accessing wellness and wellness related services available at the village/sub-centre/primary wellness Centres, such as Immunization, Ante Natal ( ANC ) and Post Natal Check-up ( PNC ) , ICDS, and other services being provided by the authorities. This function assumes a degree of internalisation and psychological satisfaction, which is deep plenty to do the community, proprietors of the mobilization procedure, and which is besides a stipulation for sustainability Her function as the supplier of primary medical attention and propagator of life salvaging preventative and healing information is premised on constructing up cognition bases by adult females based on positive elements in their ain cognition system and entree to the many pools of modern cognition. ASHA builds trust and credence by offering healing clinics as its first enterprise with a community. As trust is developed, they are able to call up and develop adult females wellness voluntaries and traditional birth attenders. Further mobilization occurs through adult females ‘s action groups ( Mahila Mandals ) , which discuss wellness and societal issues. These groups progressively become involved in bettering their overall wellness conditions by their ain direct action or buttonholing the gm panchayet. Why is it of import that wellness programmes are owned by the people and how ASHA is doing a alteration? One of ASHA ‘s cardinal schemes is empowerment and development of human potency and consciousness with regard to community wellness and good being. In the outworking of this scheme, the vulnerable progressively gain ownership of the programme. Second, community engagement occurs through the formation of the adult females ‘s action groups, and other such Self Help Groups. In India, the basic Torahs are merely, but frequently hapless people do non hold the assurance or they were withal to entree these rights. These action groups give adult females the chance to voice their jobs and work with neighbors to happen solutions. They gain self assurance to talk out for themselves and have been well more effectual in act uponing sustainable wellness results. ASHA besides interact with SHG Groups, if available in the small towns, along with AWW, so that a work force of adult females will be available in all the small towns. They jointly organize look into up of pregnant adult females, their transit for safe institutional bringing to a pre-identified functional wellness installation. They besides organize wellness insurance at the local degree for which the Medical Officer and others could supply necessary proficient aid. Besides, the construct of an ASHA is coupled with its cheques and balances so that it can accomplish its fullest potency in conveying about existent and sustainable alterations in the health care bringing mechanism and the range of wellness services. Periodic studies are envisaged under NRHM in every small town to measure the betterment brought approximately by ASHA and other intercessions. This facet of an ASHA ‘s service to the small town wellness helps supervise the terminal end of such an inaugural – sustainable community health care. ASHA: An establishment in the devising? Institutionalization, per Se, is a something that talks about how, over a span of clip, a certain manner of making things becomes the norm in a society and how an full society starts following such a norm. In India, a societal health care and its moralss have been crude and disused or worse still, about absent. Institutionalization in health care would necessitate a alteration in the attitude and a sense of trust demands to be fostered among the facilitators of wellness deliverables and the donees of the same. A sense of ownership of self-health and community health is a requirement excessively since this feeling of ownership would organize the base of any such establishment. So far in this write up, we saw how ASHAs are redefining the manner rural health care is delivered. Let us now analyse that merely about how an ASHA is a instance of possible institutionalization, and in bend an enabler of community development. While Institutionalization and its signifiers encompass multiple factors, these factors can efficaciously be categorized into under 3 wide determiners viz. , Internal enabling environment Structure that supports and facilitates institutionalization, and Support maps The undermentioned subdivision throws light on how these properties of institutionalization are ingrained into an ASHA ‘s operating rules. Internal enabling environment Policy An ASHA plants under clear written directives of the NRHM, and has written policies back uping quality through clearly communicated directions/directives and supplying support, counsel, and support for quality betterment, an built-in portion of such activism. Such clearly defined policies help these militants to keep their focal point every bit good as be cognizant of the terminal end of their work. Leadership An ASHA is a leader who works straight and openly to better wellness by puting precedences, advancing a acquisition ambiance, and going a equivalent word of the paradigm alteration in the lives of people every bit far as rural wellness is concerned. Core values Since an ASHA is a adult female from the same small town where she finally works, her nucleus values are compatible to that of the donees of her facilitations. When a vulnerable subdivision deprived of modern cognition sees one of its ain people taking a alteration, and therefore starts accepting the norms set thereby, institutionalization is facilitated. Resources As respects directives and defined policies, an ASHA has been allocated sufficient homo and material resources for carry oning, back uping, and keeping wellness consciousness and betterment activities in the NRHM. A Structure that supports and facilitates institutionalization Institutionalization needs clip, and another of import characteristic that is needed for a procedure, or societal mobilisation plan to be institutionalised is a strong support construction. Such a support construction is non a â€Å" right † or â€Å" the right † construction, but needs to be effectual construction. In this peculiar instance of an ASHA, the support structures vary and here ‘s why. A support construction of a socially focused plan is mostly dependent on the political, technological and economic environment in which the plan operates. Health being a province topic and the huge economic disparities that exist amongst assorted provinces in India make certain that the operating environments are non unvarying for ASHA. While in some provinces ASHAs are already an establishment, with phenomenal decrease in MMR and other indexs of overall wellness, in other provinces these militants are still to happen solid land for doing existent alterations. Such a support construction entails Where the inadvertence of such activism prevarications, which includes puting strategic waies, puting precedences and monitoring of advancement. Coordination amongst assorted degrees of the health care concatenation and bringing mechanisms. ASHA ‘s duties and functions cut across several service bringing and authorities plans such as their dependance on the Auxiliary Nurse Midwives and the Anganwadi workers. Institutionalization of the ASHA plan would depend a batch upon how seamless such coordination really is. The true construction for Institutionalization in a plan is manifested in how the functions for executing activities are divided and/or delegated within the plan. The functions and duties of ASHA in this regard are clearly defined and their terminal ends etched out obviously. Accountability is another of import factor for a societal plan to travel on to go an establishment. Keeping with this organisational fact, the ASHA plan is monitored closely by plan direction groups and besides Periodic studies are envisaged under NRHM in every small town to measure the betterment brought approximately by ASHA. Essential Support maps Support maps provide support to the â€Å" staff † of such community oriented societal plans to set about, prolong and populate up to the existent challenges of their function in the rhythm of alteration. ASHA when seen under this visible radiation is non merely another wellness worker in the betterment of the health care bringing mechanism but is an â€Å" militant † , whose function in taking this alteration is polar. So any plan which is en path the way of institutionalization requires that its systems and policies guarantee Capacity edifice, which in this instance is done through regular preparations and meetings of the ASHA militants with ANM and Anganwadi workers. The preparation plans are designed in manner which ensures Provision of basic expertness — such that these ASHAs on initiation receive initial and go oning cognition and accomplishment development in preventative and healing health care techniques and inter-personal communicating accomplishments Ongoing coaching and mentoring — such an property to the preparation of ASHAs which ensures a â€Å" civilization of quality † . This in bend helps in doing sustained attempts towards the terminal end. Supervision – supportive supervising of ASHA are established at assorted degrees and regular interface meetings of ASHA are designed to guarantee a proper input to end product and feedback mechanisms. Such meetings and supervisings occur at the Sector Level Block Level District Level. Communication mechanisms, which guarantee that communicating of new criterions and new policies of wellness and betterment activities, increasing the likeliness of credence of and conformity with such enterprises. In ASHA ‘s instance this ensures that the rural population and peculiarly the vulnerable subdivisions feel and understand that health care is everyone ‘s concern and it ‘s their excessively. In the terminal, an equal and balanced wages system plays a critical function in prolonging the focal point of ASHA militants, furthering a sense of committedness to quality and motive to endeavor for excellence. Such a wages system besides identifies the deterrences to workers that presently exist and address them consequently. Again, in ASHA ‘s instance while such reward systems exist in some provinces, in other provinces the deficiency of adequate and a merely wages systems to ASHA workers could turn out to be a hurdle towards pan institutionalization of this wellness plan. ASHA: The land worlds ASHA, the flagship plan of the National Rural Health Mission is non the first plan on rural wellness in India but the attending it drew from wellness militants and wellness forces is phenomenal. This addition in outlooks from this plan is attributed to multiple factors, such as the authorities ‘s initial committedness towards a phased addition in healthcare disbursement as a per centum of the GDP from less than 1 % to 2-3 % . While policymakers conceptualised NRHM, they did it with an oculus towards run intoing the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) , of which India is a signer. That, holding been said, even 5 old ages after the NRHM was launched, there are still issues associating to ASHA, the flagship plan of the NRHM. Although ASHA has most of the ingredients needed to turn into an establishment of kinds, but the issues that the societal plan faces today are manifold. Abrasion is one major job that this plan faces. Since ASHA is a chief stakeholder in the plan and it has non been planned that what should be done if an ASHA leaves the wellness system. While there are commissariats for an ASHA ‘s initiation into the wellness system, the choice is clip devouring and besides sufficient preparations have to be re-imparted to the new ASHA. Second, the dependance of an ASHA on Anganwadi workers ( AWW ) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwife ( ANM ) is apparent and there are increasing Numberss of instances where other officials in the system get down deputing their work to ASHAs. Furthermore, other than a provinces, most provinces are still to supply infrastructural installations ( dedicated edifices etc. ) to stand in Centres so that ASHAs can transport out their duties efficaciously. A batch more focal point is needed towards the uninterrupted and on the occupation preparations to maintain them motivated and abreast with latest intercessions and attacks towards community healthcare betterment. This would non merely do a universe of good to the ASHAs themselves in footings of their ego assurance and knowledge possible but besides heighten the assurance of the rural batch. While ASHA appears to be a well designed plan, with all the necessities for an ideal community based plan, there are still a batch of spreads to be addressed across degrees. While it would be early to foretell its result in footings of success or failure given the broad and diverse mark donees of this plan, the necessary political will, bureaucratic streamlining and private non net income motivations need to be channelled decently for this societal plan to transfigure into an establishment and a theoretical account for future wellness intercessions. Besides, deserving mentioning is the function of rural directors here, who with an apprehension of modern direction techniques coupled with the demands of the donees of such wellness plans can set the losing pieces of the mystifier together. How to cite Asha Accredited Social Health Activist Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Dynamic Interrogation of Wireless Antenna Sensor †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Dynamic Interrogation of Wireless Antenna Sensor. Answer: Introduction: Antennas are devices which are used to convert the electronic signals coming from a source into electronic waves to be sent to the destination. The most basic components of a circuit are the presence of antennas in the system as they are responsible for the interconnection among the sender and the receiver. In addition, the sender and the receiver have the free space to serve as the guided media for the communication management. The antennas have major characteristics that define the properties of working of them. These are the antenna gain, aperture, bandwidth, directivity and polarization, and effective length. Wire and travelling wave antennas: The linear or curved antennas are termed as the wire antennas. The main use of these antennas is due to the fact of low cost and simple designs [1]. They are mainly divided in to the dipole antennas, short dipole antennas, monopole antennas and the loop antennas. The travelling wave antennas are those types which uses the travelling wave on a guided media for radiating mechanisms. Their main operations include the travelling of the radio waves in a single direction. They are mainly divided into the helical antennas and the Yagi-Uda antennas. The major antenna characteristics are used to define the operations management of the antenna. These include the antenna gain, aperture, bandwidth and directivity, polarization, and effective length [1]. The gain of the antenna is used to define the degree of radial pattern of the antenna. An antenna with a much high gain has a more effective radiation pattern than an antenna with a low gain [2]. The manufacturing of the antennas are done to facilitate the increase of directed power in the wanted directions and vice-versa. The aperture, also termed as the effective aperture is used to associate with the transmission and the reception of electromagnetic signals. The collective area of the antenna is associated with the main power received [1]. This area is termed as the effective aperture. The directivity of an antenna is used to determine the ability of an antenna to direct the radiation power in a certain direction. It can also be used to measure the radiation intensity in a given direction compared to the intensity in other directions. Bandwidth is another specification that is used to determine the frequency range of operation for the antenna. The property to change the orientation of the sent signal from antenna is termed as polarization [2]. The polarization techniques can range from horizontal to vertical. In case the signal is polarized vertically, a vertical antenna is used for the reception and in case the polarization is done horizontally, a horizontal antenna is to be used for the reception of signals. The effective length is another characteristics used to define the efficiency of the antenna. Both the transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals can define the effective length of the antenna [3]. In general, the effective length is defined as the ratio of non-uniform current area distribution to the uniform current area distribution. This type of antenna has a straight alignment consisting of thin metal rods with sinusoidal voltages. They are made in such a way so as to facilitate working frequencies at a quarter wavelengths. The main working of the antenna includes the passage of voltages and currents through these rods which in turn leads to the generation of the electromagnetic wave spectrum [4]. The main applications of these antennas are the RF antennas. This type of antenna is used to address the presence of passive elements for working. The major advantage for this type of antenna is the presence of low cost and efficient workings. It consists of one or more reflector elements. It also includes the presence of one or more driver elements [5]. The main specifications of the Yagi-Uda antenna is the presence of reflectors at the back, drivers at the forward direction and the horizontal polarization mount for communications. The parabolic reflector antennas, as the name suggests, makes use of the ray optics for referring the communication requirements. The main features of the antenna are the use of rays and wave fronts [6]. The main application of this type of antenna is the conversion of a broad beam of signals to a narrow beam. The feeds which use such requirements are the horn feeds, dipole feeds and the Cartesian feeds management. Differentiation among the antennas: Dipole Yagi-Uda Parabolic reflectors Gain 1.76 dBi for short dipole and 2.15 dBi for half-wave dipole 4-5 dB 30-40 dB Aperture 0.1194* (lambda)^2 Square aperture of 20 cm across 1.6 * (lambda)^2 Bandwidth and directivity 2.15 dB (half-wave) 10-20 dB 10-40 dB Polarization Vertically polarized Vertically polarized Low cross polarization Effective length Half wavelength (half-wave) 0.475 wavelength Full-wavelength CST studio suite: The CST STUDIO SUITE is used for the conduction of simulations in the area of electromagnetic prospects. The various applications along the electromagnetic spectrum can be used across a single user interface. It can also be used for the possibility of combinations of these applications. This gives the personnel responsible, the efficient application for the simulative purposes [7]. In addition, the main example of this suite is the development of industrial virtual prototypes which is used to determine the various threats and compliance of the actual products to be made. The modeling of the half-wave dipole antenna can be done by using the CST studio suite. The main adjustments in the length are done to tune the antenna to 1 GHz. The main model of construction uses the antenna cell designs. The polarization characteristics are used to determine the characteristics of the antenna. To do the requirements, the design tool such as the Antenna Magus is used to calculate the requirements. The next step includes the full array simulation that is used to specify the array behavior of the antennas. This is mainly done for the calculations of the directivity specifications. The next step is the performance analysis [8]. This is done to know the performance of the dipole antenna with respect to the parameters involved. The changes in the position of the antenna with respect to the surroundings can also be done by the use of the CST MODEL SUITE. This includes the process of simulations to achieve the desired outcomes. Beamforming is a technique used for spatial filtering for the receptions and the transmission of the signals. It is mainly used in the sensor arrays. The main working of the antenna is done in such a way so as to get constructive interferences from certain portions of the antenna and destructive interferences from the other portions of the antenna. The main applications of this technology are in radar, SONAR and intelligent transport systems. An intelligent transport system is used to reference new technologies for the increase in efficiency of communications [9]. The system is based on the use of wireless communications to provide better efficiency in communications. The main objectives of this system are the use of radio communication links among the vehicles in the road and the road-side beacons which leads to the formation of ad-hoc network. The directional antennas can be used to increase the efficiency of the transportation features. In addition, the use of array with wide bandwidth and beam steering capabilities are required for the increasing efficiency in transportation services. This can also be done by the use of beamforming networks (BFN) to facilitate control over the phase and the amplitude of the elements of the array in the antenna [10]. The main examples of the network are Butler Matrix and Rotman lens. The IEEE Standard 1597.1 is a technique to simulate and model the various electromagnetic codes. It can be applied to an extensive list of electromagnetic applications. The major use of this standard is the digital mapping and simulation of the models and codes present of the electromagnetic spectrums. The IEEE Standard 1597.1 can also be used for the electromagnetic compatibility addressing. It can also be used for the detection of the radar cross-sectional areas. Furthermore, the integrity of the signals along with the antenna integrity can also be referenced by the IEEE Standard 1597.1 [11]. The main aim for the use of the IEEE Standard 1597.1 is the comparison and validation of the data sets. These can be obtained by measurements of values, alternative methods of code retrieval, analytical methods of information gathering and canonical methods. The main use of the IEEE Standard 1597.1 is the comparison of the analytical data and measurements. This can be done by the use of value measurements, reception of the codes for analysis from alternate sources, analytical methods for code referencing and he canonical ways of information gathering. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded from the report that the use of various antennas can be used for use in intelligent transport systems. In addition, the IEEE Standard 1597.1 is also used for the application of the analysis of the gathered data. Wireless communications helps various aspects to modernize their services and increase their operational efficiencies. References: Aguil, Pau, Gerard Zamora, Simone Zuffanelli, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martn, and Jordi Bonache. "Reducing the width of planar Yagi-Uda antennas using square-shaped split ring resonators (SRRs)." InAntennas and Propagation (EUCAP), 2017 11th European Conference on, pp. 2201-2204. IEEE, 2017. Aguil, Pau, Simone Zuffanelli, Gerard Zamora, Ferran Paredes, Ferran Martn, and Jordi Bonache. "Planar YagiUda Antenna Array Based on Split-Ring Resonators (SRRs)."IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters16 (2017): 1233-1236. Chen, L., T. Geng, G. C. Wan, L. Y. Xie, and M. S. Tong. "Design of passive wireless antenna sensors for strain measurement." InProgress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS), pp. 2964-2968. IEEE, 2016. Choudhury, Debabani, Richard D. Roberts, and UlunKaracaoglu. "Wireless antenna array system architecture and methods to achieve 3D beam coverage." U.S. Patent 9,070,977, issued June 30, 2015. Choudhury, Debabani, Richard D. Roberts, and UlunKaracaoglu. "Wireless antenna array system architecture and methods to achieve 3D beam coverage." U.S. Patent 9,070,977, issued June 30, 2015. Gao, Wen, Tiejun Huang, Cliff Reader, Weibei Dou, and Xilin Chen. "Ieee standards for advanced audio and video coding in emerging applications."Computer47, no. 5 (2014): 81-83. Jehangir, Syed S., Abdelmoniem Hassan, and Mohammad S. Sharawi. "A 4-element dual wideband circular Yagi MIMO antenna system with loop excitation." InAntennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on, pp. 69-70. IEEE, 2016. Li, T., Zhang, F. S., Gao, F., Zhang, Q., Guo, Y. L. (2017). Microstrip Magnetic Dipole Yagi Antenna with Enhanced Impedance Bandwidth and Reduced Size for Wideband Wireless Applications.Progress In Electromagnetics Research C,73, 105-113. Liu, Liang, Rui Zhang, and Kee-Chaing Chua. "Multi-antenna wireless powered communication with energy beamforming."IEEE Transactions on Communications62, no. 12 (2014): 4349-4361. REZAEIEH, Sasan AHDI, Marco Antoniades, and Amin Abbosh. "Miniaturized Planar Yagi Antenna Utilizing Capacitively-Coupled Folded Reflector."IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters(2017). Yao, J., S. Tjuatja, H. Huang, and J. Sanders. "Dynamic interrogation of wireless antenna sensor." InSPIE Smart Structures and Materials+ Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, pp. 90611X-90611X. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014. Yi, Xiaohua, Chunhee Cho, James Cooper, Yang Wang, Manos M. Tentzeris, and Roberto T. Leon. "Passive wireless antenna sensor for strain and crack sensingElectromagnetic modeling, simulation, and testing."Smart Materials and Structures22, no. 8 (2013): 085009.

Infamous criminal Griselda Blanco Essay Example Essay Example

Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example Paper Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Introduction Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco An infamous criminal can be described as one with a notoriously bad reputation due to their deeds. Griselda Blanco is one of the largest and infamous crime masterminds of all time in the American crime history (Streatfeild 45). She operated in one of the most ruthless ways imaginable. She was mainly involved in the drug trade consisting of mainly drugs such as cocaine, which was highly lucrative and still is quite lucrative for any criminal. She is remembered well due to her ruthless way of operating and the ability to escape the law enforcement agencies. She is said to have been responsible for the deaths of more than 500 people on a conservative estimate. She came to be known as the ‘Cocaine Queen’ or ‘la Madrina’ due to her vast control and influence in the cocaine drug trade. Griselda Blanco was born on February 15 1943 on the northern coast of Colombia (LaSala 11). She later moved to Medellin when she was just at a ten der age of three years old. She began her violent behavior at a tender age because of being battered by her abusive mother. At the age of eleven, she is said to have kidnapped and shot the child she had kidnapped from the neighboring areas of her slum neighborhood, as she tried to seek ransom. When she had attained adolescence, she had perfected several arts such as stealing and at one point; she was quite skilled at pick pocketing people. Due to the persistent violence at her home, she decided to leave her abusive mother and move elsewhere. She did not manage to finish her education, and at her preteen age, she had become a prostitute to be able to survive in the streets. She was a prostitute for quite some years before she eventually met her first husband in the line of her duties in Medellin. She met Albert Bravo in the mid 1970’s who facilitated her emigration to the United States where they settled in Queens, New York. This would serve as a platform for the beginning of her expansive drug trade. With the aid of her husband, they both began a sizeable cocaine business, which only spanned for several years before she was indicted by the law enforcement agencies on charges of drug conspiracy with more than thirty of her subordinates. She managed to escape the authorities and fled to Colombia. This was because the case against her was the largest drug related case at that time in history. However, despite the warrants for her arrest still being in place, she managed to sneak back in the United States in the late 1970’s and went to Miami (LaSala 23). Blanco was one of the forces behind the prominent killings that plagued Miami as gangs tried to establish control and outdo each other. This became to be known as the cocaine cowboy wars when cocaine became the most used illegal drug surpassing marijuana at that time. She had a strong distribution network across the United States, which raked in an average of $8 million a month. She was extremely rut hless in her operations that fueled the violence by other gangs because they saw her as a threat, and she also considered other gangs as threats to her operations. Thus, it became a battle for supremacy and control over the drug trade. Due to aggravated rates of murder and the many fruitless attempts to have her eliminated, she was prompted to move away from Florida to California (Smitten 17). The drug trade in Miami was estimated to be worth more than $ 21 billion. This is still evident with the presence of beautiful villas and condominiums and other luxurious establishments such as casinos, hotels and restaurants that are a predominant sight in Miami and the whole of Florida. In 1985, she was arrested by the authorities for and taken to court where she was sentenced to ten years in jail. After her release in 2004, her whereabouts were still a mystery. The cocaine cowboy wars had a solid impact on the American people and the cities she went to because of her ruthless and aggression in getting whatever she considered worth having. When she came to America, she was among the first people to penetrate the drug market successfully in quite a short time, whereas she did not have any knowledge about the United States or even the language itself. She became highly influential in setting a precedent for drug trade amongst the immigrant population. In New York, the drug trade had not grown into a large-scale operation, but Blanco’s impulsiveness and aggression led to the growth that resulted in the seizure of her drug cache, which was considered as one of the largest during that point in time. This set the stage for more drug traders who were usually immigrants trying to make names for themselves and seek livings in a highly lucrative drug market. Blanco also made the drug trade what it is today. Her ruthless and heartless way of trading set a precedent in the drug trade that is the norm in the world of drug trade. In the modern world, drug trade is characteriz ed by the numerous mass murders. She operated in a way that anyone who dared oppose her was killed by her gang of cronies, who she had hired to do her dirty work. She managed to kill her three husbands, meaning she did not have any emotional connection with any of them. This also shows that she did not tolerate any form of competition or force of opposition. This is a regular characteristic of drug traders because they never establish emotional connection. This is fascinating because during her time in Colombia she was helped by her husband to immigrate to Queens, New York yet she did not spare his life despite of both being husband and wife (Smitten 20). She is a fascinating person because of the way she had disregard for the American laws. She did not care about being arrested by the authorities despite being wanted for arrests in New York where she had managed to escape before being arrested. How she managed to escape the arrests is still a mystery to everyone. However, there are possibilities that due to her vast resources she was able to have a spy working for her to alert her of any possibilities of being arrested. In addition, the American public and the world are still fascinated by her ability to thrive in a male dominated society. Her dominance may have been attributed to her disregard for the law and her ruthlessness in the conduct of the trade. Because she did not tolerate any competition, she was able to gain respect from other drug traders who eventually feared her, as they did not want to end up as other rivals who were murdered heartlessly. Blanco was a manipulative and controlling woman. She managed to use her husbands in getting into the drug trade and later killed them. She also had control of mercenaries who were at her disposal. It is fascinating how she was able to control very ruthless and heartless men who could have betrayed her at any time possible. Her influence on the people around her was immense and might be attributed by her char acter and her vast monetary resources from the drug trade (Streatfeild 23). Blanco managed to survive an era that was dangerous. Even though she was the cause of most of the deaths in the Cocaine Cowboys era, she still had rivals who wanted to eliminate her. Before she ran away, she had committed her first murder at the age of eleven, a murder that was described as a child killing another child. The ability to kill at such a tender age is still unbelievable. What prompted her to commit such a heinous act is still ambiguous to the public and the world. Her behavior might be attributed to the abuse she faced while she was still young from her mother. At the age of twelve, she ventured into prostitution, what prompts such a young girl to venture into the prostitution without being forced into the trade is still beyond human comprehension. How she survives in the outside world is still beyond human comprehension for such a young girl without anyone to offer her the guidance and protecti on. What fueled her hunger for power is still unclear to many people because she did not relent in her quest for more power and control of the drug trade. She went to great extents to achieve all the material wealth and power she exhibited (King, 21). However, she lost all this in her quest for more control and power as she recklessly murdered people in order to maintain the status quo, which saw that she was the sole provider of the drugs in the market. She managed to operate for a long time in Miami despite previous attempts to have her arrested in New York. She managed to conduct her business, yet the police and the authorities knew of the business she was conducting (LaSala 14). She lived a very promiscuous life, and was famed for being bisexual and having several playboys who she later used as her mercenaries. This brings out the question as to whether she fancied men or women or more so, why was she promiscuous. Her disregard for her husbands shows that she was a dominating wo man because she would not tolerate any form of being dominated; thus, she became ruthless to a point of killing her husbands. Her dominance spread such that she was able to control a bunch of hoodlums who acted as her agents in the streets .She remains one of the most conspicuous figures in the criminal world who had a very negative impact in the world as some criminals considered her as a mentor. Thus, the mentees who enter into the drug view her actions as fit for the survival in the drug trade and they emulate what she did by being ruthless in conduct of the trade. This is evident by the numerous deaths that are instigated by the drug traders. When she was released fro prison and deported back to Colombia she vanished completely only with a single sighting of her at the Bogota Airport. How she vanished completely from the drug trade is still hard to comprehend with her enemies still in her pursuit to avenge what she did to them taking advantage of her vulnerability due to the lac k of resources or the mercenaries that she had. Her influence continues to be felt across the world with powerful women in society being attributed to have the same character traits to enable them to live in a male dominated world that requires a lot of aggression to achieve ones goals and objectives. There has never been any other woman who has risen to the heights that she did in the drug trafficking world (Smitten 48). Work Cited King, Susan. â€Å"A look back at Miami’s vices: drugs, cash, killings†. Los Angeles Times. 30 Oct. 2006. 20-22. Print. LaSala, Francine. Mistresses of Mayhem: The Book of Women Criminals. Indianapolis, IN: Alpha, 2002. Print. Streatfeild, Dominic. Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2002. Print. Smitten, Richard. The Godmother. New York: Pocket Books, 1990. Print. Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Thank you for reading this Sample! We will write a custom essay sample on Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Infamous criminal: Griselda Blanco Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Robinson Crusoe and Pride and Prejudice by Daniel Defoe and Jane Austen

Robinson Crusoe and Pride and Prejudice by Daniel Defoe and Jane Austen Introduction The novels Robinson Crusoe and Pride and Prejudice by Daniel Defoe and Jane Austen respectively, share a lot. Characterization and themes that the two novels portray are drawn from the medieval British society. This implies that the two novels use huge amounts of realism as a technical element that facilitates their themes.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Robinson Crusoe and Pride and Prejudice by Daniel Defoe and Jane Austen specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the one hand, it is recognizable in Defoe’s novel that the use of real events to steer the plot has been immense. In the novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe describes it as a history of facts that seeks to portray the social institutions and structures of the medieval British society. Indeed, he uses real experiences of the protagonist who had spent quite some time alone. Undoubtedly, this is a reflection of the real life of Alexander Selkirk in uninhabited island. The author uses his skills to describe minute details in such an elaborate way that the reader cannot question the presence of reality in the novel (Black 129). For instance, he describes the minute details of Crusoe’s activities like building the fence, harvesting his grains and digging the cave amongst many others. Using circumstantial method, Defoe brings out the aspect of realism in the novel. According to Myers, he describes the success of the protagonist in growing crops that gives him a platform through which he brings on board the technical element of realism (176). It is apparent that Defoe also introduces a wrecked ship in novel that facilitates the survival of Crusoe. Another technical skill that has typified Defoe’s use of realism is in the characterization. He portrays Friday’s gratitude and behavior in a very natural way. This is in consideration of the fact that Crusoe had saved his life from cannibals. It therefore becomes nat ural for him to show gratitude to the protagonist, which inspires the realism in the novel.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, he narrates using precise dates that the protagonist stayed in uninhabited island after being swept ashore by unfavorable sailing conditions. In fact, these dates coincides with the real dates of the real character, Alexander Selkirk whose experiences have largely inspired the novel (Black 192). On the other hand, Jane’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, depicts the reality of the society in the nineteenth century. Precisely, her depiction of events in the novel reflects the society of the time. DeMaria says that it is clear that throughout the novel she uses such stylistic devices as irony and contrast to highlight the theme of social relationships in the society (591). Use of letters and other medieval means of communication through out the novel are critical and realistic elements that portray the themes as being relevant to the medieval British society. Like Defoe, Austen uses characterization to display the reality of social values and beliefs. The characters such as† Bennets† have used their subjective beliefs to choose the course of their lives. Apparently, society shapes people’s beliefs and values and imparts them on individuals during the process of socialization (Black 72). Elizabeth (one of the Bennets) contrasts with Mr. Collins who believes that the social system’s ideals dictated that women were supposed to submit to men. Besides, he believes that women should not acquire any property and act as custodians of men’s wealth. He asserts his arguments with confidence owing to the prevalent social values and norms (DeMaria 592). However, Austen introduces such characters as Elizabeth to appraise the discriminating social system that favored a patriarchy. The use of chara cters to depict reality of the society has as such, facilitated the novel to highlight major themes. Further, realism is explicit in the novel when the author highlights the theme of marriage. In nineteenth century, women bore gender roles that openly discriminated them from decision-making processes of the society. Mr. Collins asserts this claim by believing that Elizabeth could not reject him after he makes a marriage proposal (Myers 87).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Robinson Crusoe and Pride and Prejudice by Daniel Defoe and Jane Austen specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It becomes clear that he attributes his subsequent rejection to women’s modesty of the time. This implies that it was very unusual during the nineteenth century for a woman to reject men advances. Indeed, society attributed rejection to pride borne by liberal women and young feminists (like Elizabeth). It was therefore an exception rather than a norm. Austen compares with Defoe in depiction of dates that clearly depicts the periods that their novels portray. Austen shows the rise of gender equality and women empowerment that took shape in the century. She describes discriminative land ownership practices that had typified the era (Black 231). Finally, the two novels contrast in their main themes. While Defoe chose to explore the rise of British imperialism, Austen tends to dwell on the pertinent issues that affected women and the marriage institution. The protagonists in the novels play different roles but present them in a very realistic way. Nonetheless, the depiction of reality in the two novels is overwhelming. Discussion of Pride and Prejudice The novel has wide variety of themes that are apparent in the plot. Mary points this out at the onset of the novel where she claims that human beings are vulnerable to pride. Pride blurs the ability of some characters to see the truth. This makes them unable to attain hap piness in their lives. Particularly, Elizabeth’s pride presents an impediment to her marriage with Darcy. Her vanity leads to impaired judgment of Darcy and Wickham in which she thinks well of the latter and perceives the former as evil. However, she comes to realize that her pride had led her to wrong inferences. Further, Darcy is proud owing to his social status and disparages anyone who occupied lower social status. He also writes a letter to Elizabeth asking her to abandon vanity and begin to use reason (DeMaria 577). Austen also uses Prejudice as a major theme in the novel. It is important to point out that the prejudice is intricate to other themes. Darcy uses social-economic prejudice to scorn other members of the society that occupy lower classes. Besides, Elizabeth’s prejudicial and unfounded beliefs make her to believe that she could make impeccable judgments. She realizes in the end that she could not and that she had been wrong in a number of occurrences.Ad vertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More DeMaria points out that Austen explores family institution as a major theme that characterized the medieval society (579). The novel depicts the family institution as that which is endowed with the responsibility of inculcating morals and intellect to the children. For instance, â€Å"Bennets† fail to educate their children leading to explicit naivety, promiscuity and shame exhibited by Lydia. Elizabeth’s manages to get some positive virtues after she receives some informal education from the Gardiners. In fact, only the Gardiners are portrayed in the novel as a family that showed concern for the girls’ welfare (Myers 42). This theme is in tandem with the roles of women and the marriage. All the characters in the novel hold the concept of marriage with such intensity that they all long for marriage. Elizabeth eventually accepts to get married to Darcy despite her beliefs regarding marriages. The context of family and marriage provides a platform that Austen uses to explore the idea of gender disparities. In the 19th century, women suffered from myriad of injustices among them being discrimination due to their gender. Although Austen attempts to depict women as equal to men, it is apparent that the society had preservation for this perspective (Black 171). It is a patriarchal society where women were supposed to be the obedient and submissive to their husbands. The society denied women the rights to own property as well as access to education and employment opportunities. Evidently, the â€Å"Bennets† fail to educate their five daughters and remain convinced that women had no rights to education. Finally, class and social stratification has typified the entire novel. In particular, Darcy represents a major character that is full of pride and conscious of his social status. He perceives class as a phenomenon that is not only composed of wealth but also inclusive of other factors. Gardiners are depicted as occupying lower economic clas ses but their intellect and virtue have leveled their class with other characters that are affluent. Other than class, Austen also highlights the theme of individual and society. The society takes precedence even in the private matters of its members. Specifically, Lydia’s elopement with Wickham is scandalous in the whole society and she becomes a disgrace to her family (Black 179). Besides, Darcy’s failure to reveal the Wickham’s true behavior is seen as a failure to honor social obligations and duties. Despite the society’s involvement in individuals’ private lives, Austen questions its capacity to make right inferences regarding different characters. Historical Development of Realism Realism emerged in the mid 19th century and reflected a shift from initial literary works that were typical of romantic idealism. It gives more attention to the subject matter and characters and depicts the true nature of the contexts. Although it coincided with the Victorianism, realism has the ability to remove subjectivity in the novels. It employs journalistic approaches of reporting ‘as is’ without imparting personal beliefs and values. Harrison asserts that much of the literature work that have realism as a core element stand out from the rest for their true portrayal of the events and characters as they happened in the real world. Henry Fielding has often been referred as the pioneer of the style. In the novel, Joseph Andrews, Fielding uses a wide scope and keenly observes the requirements of realism. His perception of the medieval England portrays a true picture of England at the onset of Industrial revolution (Black 171). The novel highlights characteristics of human nature through characterization. For instance, he portrays selfishness and meanness of humans after Joseph had been robbed and left for the dead. The only reason the community rescues him was the fear of being held accountable for his death. This aspect of re alism is also manifest in the novel Pride and Prejudice in which Austen portrays the society in a true way. The presence of class disparities is typical of the two novels making it possible to portray realism (Myers 73). Although Daniel Defoe’s novel, Robinson Crusoe was published earlier, he is not short of realism. He depicts the British society during the exploration of the world by giving the real occurrences in the life of Alexander Selkirk. It is in such novels whose use of realism was able to appraise social system and structures. Realism has been used in different novels to give shape to themes. In Pride and Prejudice, it is apparent that the Austen describes the characters of the novel with emphasis of minute details. Through realism, she is able to address social issues that affect specific social groups. As such, realism gave writers platform where they could appraise prevalent social system. Similarly, Virginia Woolf in the novel To the Lighthouse uses realism to highlight the need for equality within the society. Henry Fielding also used realism to appraise particular aspects of the society. Conclusion In sum, Defoe and Austen bear similarities in the manner that they explore their themes. Although they differ in their central themes, the use of realism is evident throughout their novels. Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice uses characters and real events of the 19th century to highlight the themes of pride, prejudice, social class, gender inequalities and marriage. Realism has been typical of many novels since the 18th and 19th centuries. At the very minimum, it helps novels to meet the demands of reality with objectivity and giving details to characters, events and objectivity. Black, Joseph. British Literature: A historical Overview, Toronto: Broadview Press, 2010. Print. DeMaria, Robert. British literature, 1640-1789: an anthology, New York: Blackwell Publishers, 2008. Print. Harrison, Martin. Realism in Literature, London: Rout ledge, 1998. Print. Myers, Walter. The later Realism: A study of characterization in the British Novels, London: Ayer Publishing, 2001. Print

What a Hypothesis Is and How to Formulate One

What a Hypothesis Is and How to Formulate One A hypothesis is a prediction of what will be found at the outcome of a research project  and is typically focused on the relationship between two different variables studied in the research. It is usually based on both theoretical expectations about how things work and already existing scientific evidence. Within social science, a hypothesis can take two forms. It can predict that there is no relationship between two variables, in which case it is a null hypothesis. Or, it can predict the existence of a relationship between variables, which is known as an alternative hypothesis. In either case, the variable that is thought to either affect or not affect the outcome is known as the independent variable, and the variable that is thought to either be affected or not is the dependent variable. Researchers seek to determine whether or not their hypothesis, or hypotheses if they have more than one, will prove true. Sometimes they do, and sometimes they do not. Either way, the research is considered successful if one can conclude whether or not a hypothesis is true.   Null Hypothesis A researcher has a null hypothesis when she or he believes, based on theory and existing scientific evidence, that there will not be a relationship between two variables. For example, when examining what factors influence a persons highest level of education within the U.S., a researcher might expect that place of birth, number of siblings, and religion would not have an impact on the level of education. This would mean the researcher has stated three null hypotheses. Alternative Hypothesis Taking the same example, a researcher might expect that the economic class and educational attainment of ones parents, and the race of the person in question are likely to have an effect on ones educational attainment. Existing evidence and social theories that recognize the connections between wealth and cultural resources, and how race affects access to rights and resources in the U.S., would suggest that both economic class and educational attainment of the ones parents would have a positive effect on educational attainment. In this case, economic class and educational attainment of ones parents are independent variables, and ones educational attainment is the dependent variable- it is hypothesized to be dependent on the other two. Conversely, an informed researcher would expect that being a race other than white in the U.S. is likely to have a negative impact on a persons educational attainment. This would be characterized as a negative relationship, wherein being a person of color has a negative effect on ones educational attainment. In reality, this hypothesis proves true, with the exception of Asian Americans, who go to college at a higher rate than whites do. However, Blacks and Hispanics and Latinos are far less likely than whites and Asian Americans to go to college. Formulating a Hypothesis Formulating a hypothesis can take place at the very beginning of a research project, or after a bit of research has already been done. Sometimes a researcher knows right from the start which variables she is interested in studying, and she may already have a hunch about their relationships. Other times, a researcher may have an interest in ​a  particular topic, trend, or phenomenon, but he may not know enough about it to identify variables or formulate a hypothesis. Whenever a hypothesis is formulated, the most important thing is to be precise about what ones variables are, what the nature of the relationship between them might be, and how one can go about conducting a study of them. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D

Organization development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organization development - Essay Example The diagnosis of M-restaurant is conducted to identify â€Å"what is the current situation of the restaurant†. Next, required changes for the restaurant refer to â€Å"what is the goals† are clarified. Finally yet importantly, the core question concerning â€Å"how to get the goals† will be taken into discussion. M-restaurant organization development is the application of behavioral science knowledge to make an improvement in the organizations health. It improves internal relationship and speeding up problem-solving skills. Organizational development of M-restaurant is a planned effort in the whole organization and managing it from the top, accelerating M-restaurant organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the process of using behavioral science in the M-restaurant organization. This management must be from top. This top management must be committed to, and knowledge about the goals of the program and it is mandatory and actively take part in the management effort. This focuses on the M-restaurant organization as whole; plant, firm or work group to attain the set focused outcomes. M-restaurant organization development contains both professional fields of social action and area of scientific inquiry. This involves the generation and continues reinforcement of chance by using four major interventions, techno structural, human process, human resource, and strategic intervention. Part of M-restaurant organization development concentrate more and heavily on a different kind of chance than others. Its main intention is to improve company’s full strength in productivity and profits. There is also the ability to solve its problems also to manage change. This process has been categorized into three main steps; entry, normative change, and structural change. The stage entry stage has the goal of establishing a felt need for change using three approaches, interviewing, survey information and other modes to give

Statistical Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Statistical Methods - Assignment Example It is also important to note that gender and level of satisfaction may have things that cannot be deemed as job orientated or appear to divulge applicants inner feelings and thoughts. It is, therefore, the responsibility of the management to ensure that every employee feel appreciated and important in the place of work. Several studies have revealed a positive relationship between gender and the extent to which they feel their work is interesting. Most employees want to enjoy their work hence they will prefer to work on firms where they feel comfortable. However, the level at which an employee enjoy his or her work depends on the gender of the employee. Some jobs are better enjoyed by female employees as compared to male employees; and vice versa. In this regard, this study tries to understand the relationship between gender and extent to which respondents feel their work is interesting. The study uses 200 respondents from three employers- Smith Ltd, Jones Plc and Farmhouse. The variables used for the study gender, employer, enjoying the work, services, food, professional and many more. The number of respondents of the study was 200 with three employers-that is Smiths Ltd, Jones Plc. and Farmhouse. The number of respondents that participated in the survey in terms of gender was 96 and 104 for male and female respectively. This represents 47.8% and 51.7% respectively. As mentioned above, the employers were Smiths Ltd, Jones Plc. and Farmhouse. In this regard, 72 of the respondents were from Smiths Ltd while 70 and 58 of the respondents were from Jones Plc. and Farmhouse respectively. The number of male and female respondents from Smiths Ltd is 36 and 36 respectively. The number of male and female respondents from Jones Plc. is 37 and 33 respectively. On the other hand, the number of male and female respondents from Farmhouse is 23 and 35 respectively. The average weekly wage considering the three companies was 353.9990 with the highest paying company

Segregation from 1955 to 1963 Essay Example for Free

Segregation from 1955 to 1963 Essay How far is it accurate to say that significant progress had been made in segregation from 1955 to 1963? This period was certainly of prime importance. During this era, the rate of protest versus segregation really began to increase, building on the momentum of the decade before. It was also during this period that tension and resentment grew to the level that lead to the development of more radical organisations, although they did not come to the fore themselves before 1963 55 to 63 was mainly characterised by peaceful protest. The highest profile and most remembered of these was in 1955, the Montgomery Bus Boycott a watershed for the movement, proving that peaceful resistance especially when the action created economic fallout could be successful in forcing change. The event also proved that, after the debacle of the ambiguous Brown Vs Board of Education ruling, that a grass roots approach could influence direct change. The story is well versed; the NAACP was looking for an event with which to legitimise a boycott, and it came when Rosa Parks an NAACP employee herself was asked to leave her seat for a white man, and refused. After being arrested and fined, Martin Luther King proposed a boycott by all blacks of the city bus transit system, relying instead on carpools to get around, or taxis driven by blacks who modified their fares to be equal to that of a bus journey. The protest lasted over a year, during which protesters were attacked, and buildings firebombed by white supremacists. However, once nationwide attention was brought to the cause, the tide turned in the boycotts favour; in June 1956 the supreme court ruled that public transport segregation in Alabama was unconstitutional, a ruling Alabama finally accepted in December. The protesters emerged victorious, and the movement had found its first widely known leader King. The event, undoubtedly, was a significant leap forward due to nationwide coverage brought the plight of southern blacks to the attentions of northern white moderates. Other peaceful, grassroots protests followed, such as the Greensboro and Nashville sit-ins. Here, black students along with white sympathisers would defy segregation by sitting in white only areas, such as the lunch counter in the Greensboro Woolworths department store. On the first day of the protest, 4 students sat at the counter all day, refusing to leave (they were not served). The next day, the number grew five fold to 20; this became 60 on the third; and more than 300 on the fourth, a monumental level of escalation, showing the amount of people opposed to segregation who were willing to step in. As with the bus boycott the breakthrough was the media attention generated, and, much like before, the protests became a national news story, drawing praise from the President. Although not the first sit-in, it was the highest profile one so far and inspired copycat protests all across the south, some with dramatic results (desegregation in Nashville, for instance.) By not responding to attackers (who poured hot coffee over them or beat them) the protesters, to most onlookers, were unequivocally the good guys, leading to the protests successes. Also of note was the Birmingham Campaign, organised by King and the SCLC, which effectively shut down the city of Birmingham a city of intense segregation. As with most of the other protests it was the national attention that the protesters sought, and they found it due to police brutality and the use of water cannons against the protesters, something of a national outcry developed. Although desegregation in the city itself continued slowly, the city became generally more accepting of blacks and the incident played a major part in the 1964 civil rights act, proving its significance. King emerged from the campaign at arguably his highest popularity yet, and embarked on the March on Washington afterwards. Up to 300,000 blacks and moderates arrived at the capital and marched to the Lincoln memorial, where King delivered his timeless I have a dream speech. This was really the culmination of Kings popularity and national coverage of the civil rights issue in fact, more cameras had been set up to film the event than at Kennedys inauguration. However, the advances from 1955 to 63 were not all grassroots in nature, such as the Little Rock incident, in which 9 blacks were barred at first from enrolling in a local school and turned away by guards but later, under the protection of Brown Vs Board of Education were allowed in (soldiers were even drafted in to defend them), proving that, although the ruling had been ambiguous as to when exactly schools had to be desegregated, top down approaches could be effective when enforced directly. However, there were serious limitations to the effectiveness of desegregation during this period. Even during this period, tensions within the civil rights movement were growing, and indignation built over the fact that so little seemed to have been accomplished. This was particularly pronounced with students; they had lived through segregation and unfair laws, and now that they were young adults, many of them had seen no change. King had promised much but delivered little within their lives, and a lifetime is a long time. Thus, many became disillusioned with King and what he preached i.e, peaceful protest. As far as they had seen, peaceful process had accomplished nothing, and so, borne out of this was a new, more radical movement. This began with the formation of more proactive organisations, such as the SNCC, and continued with the emergence of radical leaders such as Malcolm X, who had a very different view to King on how to achieve an end to Jim Crow. This was the beginning of not only more violent protesting but also black power, both of which went on to weaken the peaceful protestors cause as evident cracks emerged in the civil rights movement and its leaders. With blacks engaging in violence and black supremacy being taught, the civil rights movement lost the moral high ground in the eyes of many would-be moderates, and the influence of white supremacy groups grew as a result. Malcolm Xs constant attacks on King, including criticism of the March on Washington seriously undermined Kings position. Another limiting factor was the sheer scale of the resistance in the south to desegregation, and the fierce adherence to tradition. This was encapsulated in the violence during the freedom rides, an entirely peaceful event from the protestors side, anyway. The police ignored the violence and even flat out supported it (one of their excuses as to why they werent available to defend the protesters was that all the officers had to go and see their mothers on mothers day, an insultingly bad excuse, and one whos meaning could not have been clearer: We honestly could not care less (or could care less, this being the US)). Bearing in mind that all the protesters were doing was sitting busses moving through southern states the level of violence was truly shocking; white activists were not spared either. They were beaten, had their eyes gouged out, were burnt, and the busses trashed. Ambulances refused to take them to hospital and, as had become so common, none of the attackers were arrested, with senior officials implying that the activists had it coming. Attitudes like this really test the notion that segregation had made significant progress; indeed, the rides themselves were for the purpose of seeing if, in these traditional southern states, rulings on interstate bus travel being desegregated had been accepted. The answer an emphatic no. Eisenhower leaned off slightly on civil rights after the progress made by Truman, leading to a slowdown in the activity of top-down desegregation approaches, although this was not entirely negative, seeing as many southern states had seen Trumans executive orders as meddling, and resented federal intervention on a state level. Grassroots approaches had been shown to be significantly more effective because they came from within a state and were able to attack it directly. Kennedy, too, made no great headway with civil rights, promising to end segregation with the stroke of a pen before election but turning his attention towards Russia and the Cold War in office. In conclusion, while, like the decade before, 55 63 was a major era for the advancements of civil rights and desegregation, with grassroot, peaceful activism making many gains and top down measures continuing to trickle through, the emergence of popular leaders and high profile, nationwide coverage of the plight of American Negroes becoming commonplace, and growing support from white moderates coming together to create significant victories and advances, drawbacks remained. These included the stubborn, traditionalist nature of the south, presidents who took a backseat when it came to civil rights and a fractured movement, with many young blacks rejecting the teachings of King. Overall however I feel that significant progress had been made in this period despite the drawbacks, rather than being nullified by them.

Essay on Appearance versus Reality in The Handmaids Tale

Appearance versus Reality in The Handmaids Tale Imagery is an effective element used by writers. It allows readers to be one with the story and to better comprehend the actions and thoughts conveyed by the author. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaids Tale, actions and images of Offred and other individuals parallel with the theme of appearance versus reality. These images such as food and nature are reoccurring to further stress the theme. The gustatory and olfactory images of food and perfume, as well as the kinesthetic and visual imagery of cutting flowers and sexual intercourse juxtapose the discontentment of Offred's life as a handmaid. Food is a symbol of fulfillment. As the novel opens, we are quickly associated with it as Rita asks Offred to pick up things from the grocery store. "Fresh eggs, ... cheese, ... steak, ... and peas;" with this image, the reader visualizes the food, as well as smells and tastes it (15). With this vivid boisterous image of food, it appears that Offred and the handmaids are nourished and fulfilled with not only nutrition, but in life as well because food is a symbol of life. But in actuality, Offred is not fulfilled with her life because of the lack of freedom she has, and the remaining handmaids fell the same way. The food that they embellish is not as rich as Atwood's gustatory and olfactory images make them out to be. The handmaids' diets are controlled, especially those of expecting mothers, by other individuals. The olfactory image of "lemon oil, heavy cloth, fading daffodils, the leftover smells of cooking, ... and of Serena Joy's perfume: Lily of the Valley," introduc e a new element of reality into the n... ... is an image of appearance versus reality. Serena Joy "grips [Offred's] hands as if it is she, not" Offred, is having intercourse with the Commander (121). On a larger scale, it appears that the utopia is satisfying, but in reality, it is only a fantasy, and amplified vision of sadness. The gustatory and olfactory images of food and perfume, as well as the kinesthetic and visual imagery of cutting flowers and sexual intercourse contrast with the unhappiness of Offred's life as a handmaid in Atwood's novel The Handmaids Tale. Atwood's use of imagery parallel with her use of the theme appearance versus reality. Though all the images of flowers, food, and sex seem to suggest happiness among the inhabitants of the utopia, in reality, they are underlying symbols of the dystopia they represent. Essay on Appearance versus Reality in The Handmaids Tale Appearance versus Reality in The Handmaids Tale Imagery is an effective element used by writers. It allows readers to be one with the story and to better comprehend the actions and thoughts conveyed by the author. In Margaret Atwood's The Handmaids Tale, actions and images of Offred and other individuals parallel with the theme of appearance versus reality. These images such as food and nature are reoccurring to further stress the theme. The gustatory and olfactory images of food and perfume, as well as the kinesthetic and visual imagery of cutting flowers and sexual intercourse juxtapose the discontentment of Offred's life as a handmaid. Food is a symbol of fulfillment. As the novel opens, we are quickly associated with it as Rita asks Offred to pick up things from the grocery store. "Fresh eggs, ... cheese, ... steak, ... and peas;" with this image, the reader visualizes the food, as well as smells and tastes it (15). With this vivid boisterous image of food, it appears that Offred and the handmaids are nourished and fulfilled with not only nutrition, but in life as well because food is a symbol of life. But in actuality, Offred is not fulfilled with her life because of the lack of freedom she has, and the remaining handmaids fell the same way. The food that they embellish is not as rich as Atwood's gustatory and olfactory images make them out to be. The handmaids' diets are controlled, especially those of expecting mothers, by other individuals. The olfactory image of "lemon oil, heavy cloth, fading daffodils, the leftover smells of cooking, ... and of Serena Joy's perfume: Lily of the Valley," introduc e a new element of reality into the n... ... is an image of appearance versus reality. Serena Joy "grips [Offred's] hands as if it is she, not" Offred, is having intercourse with the Commander (121). On a larger scale, it appears that the utopia is satisfying, but in reality, it is only a fantasy, and amplified vision of sadness. The gustatory and olfactory images of food and perfume, as well as the kinesthetic and visual imagery of cutting flowers and sexual intercourse contrast with the unhappiness of Offred's life as a handmaid in Atwood's novel The Handmaids Tale. Atwood's use of imagery parallel with her use of the theme appearance versus reality. Though all the images of flowers, food, and sex seem to suggest happiness among the inhabitants of the utopia, in reality, they are underlying symbols of the dystopia they represent.

Effective Religious Practices Essay

Throughout our history, leaders of various religious sects have used a number of methods, materials, and programs to initiate their followers into a certain ideology or belief system. This has proved to be both useful and destructive over the course of time. We have seen many horrifying events take place in the name of certain religions (Jim Jones, The Peoples Church), and have also seen many cases that could serve as a message of hope for others (Mother Teresa). The outcome of events that are sparked by the formation of a new religious sect, are primarily influenced by the programs and methods used by the sects religious leader, to instruct his followers to believe in certain belief systems, and commit actions that are justified by those underlying beliefs. When analyzing how a religious sect instructs its followers, or disciples, we should analyze both positive and negative correlations shared by various sects, in doing this, we could determine what practices have proved beneficial to society, and which ones have proved to be destructive. When observing certain pastors methods in instructing their followers, we could come to the assumption that a leader who preaches a peaceful and uplifting message is more likely to attractive followers who share the same views, on the other hand, a pastor who preaches destructive and self righteous message is more likely to have a congregation that reflects those same views. For example, Joel Olsten, a pastor at Lakewood church, has a consistent uplifting message that he shares with his congregation on a daily basis. When using this method of preaching, the pastor is not focusing on the negative actions of some of the members of his congregation, (Hell, or Damnation) but rather inspiring them to try harder, or to do better. When a pastor only focuses on topics such as sin, Hell, or damnation, then many members of his congregation will leave feeling ashamed and scared, rather than uplifted and motivated. A useful method that a pastor can use is always having sermons with a positive and uplifting theme, focused on what’s ahead for an individual rather than what they have done in there past. Another useful method practiced by certain pastors is not classifying there religion under a certain categories, such as Catholic, Methodist, or Jehovah Witness, but rather inviting people of all faiths to join, not just a select view. In practicing this, a pastor’s congregation has the potential to grow, without being confined by a certain sect’s moral philosophies. A church is only as powerful as its congregation, the larger the congregation, the more influence a church has in its surrounding communities. When practicing such things, a pastor does not limit himself to one moral view, but rather stays open minded and tolerant to the many views that his congregation may have. If I were to become a pastor, I wouldn’t be subject to one particular faith, but rather welcome any faith to my congregation. I feel that it is important to have a diverse congregation; it teaches people how to be tolerant and appreciative of another persons belief system. This ideology also proves useful in expanding a church’s total number of members, therefore harboring growth and overall success. As a church’s congregation grows, so does its net worth, and its influence in its surrounding communities. Secondly, I would choose to preach messages of hope rather than self-shame. I would want people to come to my church and leave with a renewed vision of hope, so that they are self motivated to become active members in there communities. In my opinion, this would prove to be very effective in increasing the total number of people in my congregation. In conclusion, it is far more beneficial when recruiting members for a congregation, to appeal to everybody’s emotional needs, by preaching an unbiased message that has a theme based in hope, and inspiration.

Living and working in the foreign country Essay

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of living and working in the foreign country. Currently, many people like going to different countries for working and living. It leads to that there are many positive and negative effects while people live and work in vary foreign country. Some main effects will be discussed in this essay. The first advantage is salary because people are really need money to support their live. Some Vietnamese people, for instance, they like to move to US or Australia for living and working because they think they will get the higher income than in Vietnam and enjoy the standard life. Furthermore, people who want to travel are the poor people and live in the developing country. They may improve their current life and work in the new environment to get more experience. Finally, working and living in a foreign country may have some good benefit by the government after people retire. On the other hand, working and living in a foreign country may bring some disadvantages. Traditional culture is the first disadvantage. It is really hard to live in a country which has a lot different culture. In UK, for example, the state food is very difficult to eat and the cost is very expensive. Next, people will be got homesick because their families are so far from them. Lastly, it is very dangerous when people go abroad for working and living because they do not understand about the new environment that they have to adapt quickly for the short period of time such as the new neighbors or the new law of the area. In short, people should think clearly about this problem. It effect not only on their future life but also their family and the government. They should chose the best advantage for their own business. Revised Currently, many people like going to different countries for working and living. It This leads to that there are many positive and negative effects while which people experience when live living and working in vary a foreign country. Some of these main effects will be discussed in this essay. The first advantage is salary because people are really need money to support their lives. Some Vietnamese people, for instance, they like to move to the US or Australia for living and working because they think they will get the a higher income than in Vietnam and enjoy the a higher standard of life. Furthermore, the people who want to travel are the poor people and who live in the developing countriesy. They may can improve their current life and by working in the a new environment to get more experience. Finally, working and living in a foreign country may have some good benefits by for the government after people retire. On the other hand, working and living in a foreign country may bring some disadvantages. Missing your tTraditional culture is the first disadvantage. It is really hard to live in a country which has a lot very different culture. In the UK, for example, the state local food is very difficult to eat and the cost is very expensive. Next, people will be got get homesick because their families are so far from them. Lastly, it is very dangerous when people go abroad for working and living because they do not understand about the new environment that and they have to adapt quickly for thein a short period of time to things such as the new neighbors or the new laws of the area. In short, people should think clearly about this problem. It effects not only on their future life but also their family and the government. They should choose the best advantage for their own business. Good job with organization and content. Take care with sentence structure and be sure to proofread more carefully.

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea

Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, builds impressive silk tents that sometimes enclose entire branches. The tents appear in late summer or fall - hence the name fall webworm. Its a common pest of hardwood trees in its native North America. The fall webworm also presents a problem in Asia and Europe, where it was introduced. Description The fall webworm is often confused with eastern tent caterpillars, and sometimes with gypsy moths. Unlike eastern tent caterpillars, the fall webworm feeds within its tent, which encloses foliage at the end of branches. Defoliation by fall webworm caterpillars does not usually cause damage to the tree, since they feed in late summer or fall, just before leaf drop. Control of fall webworm is usually for aesthetic benefit. The hairy caterpillars vary in color and come in two forms: red-headed and black-headed. They tend to be pale yellow or green in color, though some may be darker. Each segment of the caterpillars body has a pair of spots on the back. At maturity, the larvae may reach one inch in length. The adult fall webworm moth is bright white, with a hairy body. Like most moths, the fall webworm is nocturnal and attracted to light. Classification Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Insecta Order - Lepidoptera Family - Arctiidae Genus - Hyphantria Species - cunea Diet Fall webworm caterpillars will feed on any one of over 100 tree and shrub species. Preferred host plants include hickory, pecan, walnut, elm, alder, willow, mulberry, oak, sweetgum, and poplar. Life Cycle The number of generations per year depends greatly on latitude. Southern populations may complete four generations in one year, while in the north the fall webworm completes only one life cycle. Like other moths, the fall webworm undergoes complete metamorphosis, with four stages: Egg – The female moth deposits several hundred eggs on the undersides of leaves in spring. She covers the mass of eggs with hairs from her abdomen.Larva – In one to two weeks, the larvae hatch and immediately begin spinning their silken tent. Caterpillars feed for up to two months, molting as many as eleven times.Pupa – Once larvae reach their final instar, they leave the web to pupate in leaf litter or bark crevices. Fall webworm overwinters in the pupal stage.Adult – Adults emerge as early as March in the south, but dont fly until late spring or early summer in northern areas. Special Adaptations and Defenses Fall webworm caterpillars develop and feed within the shelter of their tent. When disturbed, they may convulse to dissuade possible predators. Habitat The fall webworm lives in areas where host trees occur, namely hardwood forests and landscapes. Range The fall webworm lives throughout the U.S., northern Mexico, and southern Canada – its native range. Since its accidental introduction into Yugoslavia in the 1940s, Hyphantria cunea has invaded most of Europe, too. The fall webworm also inhabits parts of China and North Korea, again due to the accidental introduction. Other Common Names: Fall Webworm Moth Sources Garden Insects of North America, by Whitney CranshawFall Webworm, G. Keith Douce, Bugwood.orgSpecies Hyphantria cunea - Fall Webworm Moth, Bugguide.net